XEmacs Lisp Reference Manual

Appendices

      — The Detailed Node Listing —

Here are other nodes that are inferiors of those already listed,
mentioned here so you can get to them in one step:

Introduction

* Caveats::                 Flaws and a request for help.
* Lisp History::            XEmacs Lisp is descended from Maclisp.
* Conventions::             How the manual is formatted.
* Acknowledgements::        The authors, editors, and sponsors of this manual.

Conventions

* Some Terms::              Explanation of terms we use in this manual.
* nil and t::               How the symbols nil and t are used.
* Evaluation Notation::     The format we use for examples of evaluation.
* Printing Notation::       The format we use for examples that print output.
* Error Messages::          The format we use for examples of errors.
* Buffer Text Notation::    The format we use for buffer contents in examples.
* Format of Descriptions::  Notation for describing functions, variables, etc.

Format of Descriptions

* A Sample Function Description::
* A Sample Variable Description::

Packaging

* Package Overview::       Lisp Libraries and Packages.
* Package Terminology::    Basic stuff.
* Building Packages::      Turn packaged source into a tarball.
* Local.rules File::       Tell the XEmacs Packaging System about your host.
* Creating Packages::      Tell the XEmacs Packaging System about your package.
* Issues::

Package Overview

* The User View::
* The Library Maintainer View::
* The Package Release Engineer View::

The Library Maintainer’s View

* Infrastructure::    Global Makefiles and common rules.
* Control Files::     Package-specific Makefiles and administrative files.
* Obtaining::         Obtaining the XEmacs Packaging System and utilities.

Creating Packages

* package-info.in::             package-info.in
* Makefile::                    ‘Makefile’
* Makefile Targets::

Lisp Data Types

* Printed Representation::  How Lisp objects are represented as text.
* Comments::                Comments and their formatting conventions.
* Programming Types::       Types found in all Lisp systems.
* Editing Types::           Types specific to XEmacs.
* Type Predicates::         Tests related to types.
* Equality Predicates::     Tests of equality between any two objects.

Programming Types

* Integer Type::        Numbers without fractional parts.
* Floating Point Type:: Numbers with fractional parts and with a large range.
* Character Type::      The representation of letters, numbers and
                        control characters.
* Sequence Type::       Both lists and arrays are classified as sequences.
* Cons Cell Type::      Cons cells, and lists (which are made from cons cells).
* Array Type::          Arrays include strings and vectors.
* String Type::         An (efficient) array of characters.
* Vector Type::         One-dimensional arrays.
* Symbol Type::         A multi-use object that refers to a function,
                        variable, property list, or itself.
* Function Type::       A piece of executable code you can call from elsewhere.
* Macro Type::          A method of expanding an expression into another
                          expression, more fundamental but less pretty.
* Primitive Function Type::     A function written in C, callable from Lisp.
* Compiled-Function Type::      A function written in Lisp, then compiled.
* Autoload Type::       A type used for automatically loading seldom-used
                        functions.

Cons Cell Type

* Dotted Pair Notation::    An alternative syntax for lists.
* Association List Type::   A specially constructed list.

Editing Types

* Buffer Type::             The basic object of editing.
* Window Type::             What makes buffers visible.
* Window Configuration Type:: Save what the screen looks like.
* Marker Type::             A position in a buffer.
* Process Type::            A process running on the underlying OS.
* Stream Type::             Receive or send characters.
* Keymap Type::             What function a keystroke invokes.
* Syntax Table Type::       What a character means.

Numbers

* Integer Basics::            Representation and range of integers.
* Ratio Basics::	      Representation and range of rational numbers.
* Float Basics::	      Representation and range of floating point.
* The Bignum Extension::      Arbitrary precision integers, ratios, and floats.
* Predicates on Numbers::     Testing for numbers.
* Comparison of Numbers::     Equality and inequality predicates.
* Arithmetic Operations::     How to add, subtract, multiply and divide.
* Bitwise Operations::        Logical and, or, not, shifting.
* Numeric Conversions::	      Converting float to integer and vice versa.
* Math Functions::            Trig, exponential and logarithmic functions.
* Random Numbers::            Obtaining random integers, predictable or not.

Strings and Characters

* String Basics::             Basic properties of strings and characters.
* Predicates for Strings::    Testing whether an object is a string or char.
* Creating Strings::          Functions to allocate new strings.
* Predicates for Characters:: Testing whether an object is a character.
* Character Codes::           Each character has an equivalent integer.
* Text Comparison::           Comparing characters or strings.
* String Conversion::         Converting characters or strings and vice versa.
* Modifying Strings::	      Changing characters in a string.
* String Properties::	      Additional information attached to strings.
* Formatting Strings::        format: XEmacs’s analog of printf.
* Character Case::            Case conversion functions.
* Char Tables::               Mapping from characters to Lisp objects.
* Case Tables::		      Customizing case conversion.

Lists

* Cons Cells::              How lists are made out of cons cells.
* Lists as Boxes::          Graphical notation to explain lists.
* List-related Predicates:: Is this object a list?  Comparing two lists.
* List Elements::           Extracting the pieces of a list.
* Building Lists::          Creating list structure.
* Modifying Lists::         Storing new pieces into an existing list.
* Sets And Lists::          A list can represent a finite mathematical set.
* Association Lists::       A list can represent a finite relation or mapping.
* Property Lists::          A different way to represent a finite mapping.
* Weak Lists::              A list with special garbage-collection behavior.

Modifying Existing List Structure

* Setcar::                  Replacing an element in a list.
* Setcdr::                  Replacing part of the list backbone.
                              This can be used to remove or add elements.
* Rearrangement::           Reordering the elements in a list; combining lists.

Sequences, Arrays, and Vectors

* Sequence Functions::      Functions that accept any kind of sequence.
* Arrays::                  Characteristics of arrays in XEmacs Lisp.
* Array Functions::         Functions specifically for arrays.
* Vectors::                 Functions specifically for vectors.

Symbols

* Symbol Components::       Symbols have names, values, function definitions
                              and property lists.
* Definitions::             A definition says how a symbol will be used.
* Creating Symbols::        How symbols are kept unique.
* Symbol Properties::       Each symbol has a property list
                              for recording miscellaneous information.

Evaluation

* Intro Eval::              Evaluation in the scheme of things.
* Eval::                    How to invoke the Lisp interpreter explicitly.
* Forms::                   How various sorts of objects are evaluated.
* Quoting::                 Avoiding evaluation (to put constants in
                              the program).

Kinds of Forms

* Self-Evaluating Forms::   Forms that evaluate to themselves.
* Symbol Forms::            Symbols evaluate as variables.
* Classifying Lists::       How to distinguish various sorts of list forms.
* Function Forms::          Forms that call functions.
* Macro Forms::             Forms that call macros.
* Special Operators::       “Special operators” are idiosyncratic primitives,
                              most of them extremely important.
* Autoloading::             Functions set up to load files
                              containing their real definitions.

Control Structures

* Sequencing::              Evaluation in textual order.
* Conditionals::            if, cond.
* Combining Conditions::    and, or, not.
* Iteration::               while loops.
* Nonlocal Exits::          Jumping out of a sequence.

Nonlocal Exits

* Catch and Throw::         Nonlocal exits for the program’s own purposes.
* Examples of Catch::       Showing how such nonlocal exits can be written.
* Errors::                  How errors are signaled and handled.
* Cleanups::                Arranging to run a cleanup form if an
                              error happens.

Errors

* Signaling Errors::        How to report an error.
* Processing of Errors::    What XEmacs does when you report an error.
* Handling Errors::         How you can trap errors and continue execution.
* Error Symbols::           How errors are classified for trapping them.

Variables

* Global Variables::        Variable values that exist permanently, everywhere.
* Constant Variables::      Certain "variables" have values that never change.
* Local Variables::         Variable values that exist only temporarily.
* Void Variables::          Symbols that lack values.
* Defining Variables::      A definition says a symbol is used as a variable.
* Accessing Variables::     Examining values of variables whose names
                              are known only at run time.
* Setting Variables::       Storing new values in variables.
* Variable Scoping::        How Lisp chooses among local and global values.
* Buffer-Local Variables::  Variable values in effect only in one buffer.

Scoping Rules for Variable Bindings

* Scope::                   Scope means where in the program a value
                              is visible.  Comparison with other languages.
* Extent::                  Extent means how long in time a value exists.
* Impl of Scope::           Two ways to implement dynamic scoping.
* Using Scoping::           How to use dynamic scoping carefully and
                              avoid problems.

Buffer-Local Variables

* Intro to Buffer-Local::   Introduction and concepts.
* Creating Buffer-Local::   Creating and destroying buffer-local bindings.
* Default Value::           The default value is seen in buffers
                              that don’t have their own local values.

Functions

* What Is a Function::      Lisp functions vs primitives; terminology.
* Lambda Expressions::      How functions are expressed as Lisp objects.
* Function Names::          A symbol can serve as the name of a function.
* Defining Functions::      Lisp expressions for defining functions.
* Calling Functions::       How to use an existing function.
* Mapping Functions::       Applying a function to each element of a list, etc.
* Anonymous Functions::     Lambda-expressions are functions with no names.
* Function Cells::          Accessing or setting the function definition
                              of a symbol.
* Related Topics::          Cross-references to specific Lisp primitives
                              that have a special bearing on how
                              functions work.

Lambda Expressions

* Lambda Components::       The parts of a lambda expression.
* Simple Lambda::           A simple example.
* Argument List::           Details and special features of argument lists.
* Function Documentation::  How to put documentation in a function.

Macros

* Simple Macro::            A basic example.
* Expansion::               How, when and why macros are expanded.
* Compiling Macros::        How macros are expanded by the compiler.
* Defining Macros::         How to write a macro definition.
* Backquote::               Easier construction of list structure.
* Problems with Macros::    Don’t evaluate the macro arguments too many times.
                              Don’t hide the user’s variables.

Loading

* How Programs Do Loading:: The load function and others.
* Autoload::                Setting up a function to autoload.
* Named Features::          Loading a library if it isn’t already loaded.
* Repeated Loading::        Precautions about loading a file twice.

Byte Compilation

* Speed of Byte-Code::          An example of speedup from byte compilation.
* Compilation Functions::       Byte compilation functions.
* Docs and Compilation::        Dynamic loading of documentation strings.
* Eval During Compile::  	Code to be evaluated when you compile.
* Compiled-Function Objects::	The data type used for byte-compiled functions.
* Disassembly::                 Disassembling byte-code; how to read byte-code.
* Different Behavior::          When compiled code gives different results.

Debugging Lisp Programs

* Debugger::                How the XEmacs Lisp debugger is implemented.
* Syntax Errors::           How to find syntax errors.
* Compilation Errors::      How to find errors that show up in
                              byte compilation.
* Edebug::                  A source-level XEmacs Lisp debugger.

The Lisp Debugger

* Error Debugging::         Entering the debugger when an error happens.
* Function Debugging::      Entering it when a certain function is called.
* Explicit Debug::          Entering it at a certain point in the program.
* Using Debugger::          What the debugger does; what you see while in it.
* Debugger Commands::       Commands used while in the debugger.
* Invoking the Debugger::   How to call the function debug.
* Internals of Debugger::   Subroutines of the debugger, and global variables.

Debugging Invalid Lisp Syntax

* Excess Open::             How to find a spurious open paren or missing close.
* Excess Close::            How to find a spurious close paren or missing open.

Reading and Printing Lisp Objects

* Streams Intro::           Overview of streams, reading and printing.
* Input Streams::           Various data types that can be used as
                              input streams.
* Input Functions::         Functions to read Lisp objects from text.
* Output Streams::          Various data types that can be used as
                              output streams.
* Output Functions::        Functions to print Lisp objects as text.

Minibuffers

* Intro to Minibuffers::    Basic information about minibuffers.
* Text from Minibuffer::    How to read a straight text string.
* Object from Minibuffer::  How to read a Lisp object or expression.
* Completion::              How to invoke and customize completion.
* Yes-or-No Queries::       Asking a question with a simple answer.
* Minibuffer Misc::         Various customization hooks and variables.

Completion

* Basic Completion::        Low-level functions for completing strings.
                              (These are too low level to use the minibuffer.)
* Minibuffer Completion::   Invoking the minibuffer with completion.
* Completion Commands::     Minibuffer commands that do completion.
* High-Level Completion::   Convenient special cases of completion
                              (reading buffer name, file name, etc.)
* Reading File Names::      Using completion to read file names.
* Programmed Completion::   Finding the completions for a given file name.

Command Loop

* Command Overview::    How the command loop reads commands.
* Defining Commands::   Specifying how a function should read arguments.
* Interactive Call::    Calling a command, so that it will read arguments.
* Command Loop Info::   Variables set by the command loop for you to examine.
* Events::		What input looks like when you read it.
* Reading Input::       How to read input events from the keyboard or mouse.
* Waiting::             Waiting for user input or elapsed time.
* Quitting::            How C-g works.  How to catch or defer quitting.
* Prefix Command Arguments::    How the commands to set prefix args work.
* Recursive Editing::   Entering a recursive edit,
                          and why you usually shouldn’t.
* Disabling Commands::  How the command loop handles disabled commands.
* Command History::     How the command history is set up, and how accessed.
* Keyboard Macros::     How keyboard macros are implemented.

Defining Commands

* Using Interactive::       General rules for interactive.
* Interactive Codes::       The standard letter-codes for reading arguments
                              in various ways.
* Interactive Examples::    Examples of how to read interactive arguments.

Events

* Event Types::			Events come in different types.
* Event Contents::		What the contents of each event type are.
* Event Predicates::		Querying whether an event is of a
				  particular type.
* Accessing Mouse Event Positions::
				Determining where a mouse event occurred,
				  and over what.
* Accessing Other Event Info::  Accessing non-positional event info.
* Working With Events::		Creating, copying, and destroying events.
* Converting Events::		Converting between events, keys, and
				  characters.

Accessing Mouse Event Positions

* Frame-Level Event Position Info::
* Window-Level Event Position Info::
* Event Text Position Info::
* Event Glyph Position Info::
* Event Toolbar Position Info::
* Other Event Position Info::

Reading Input

* Key Sequence Input::		How to read one key sequence.
* Reading One Event::		How to read just one event.
* Dispatching an Event::        What to do with an event once it has been read.
* Quoted Character Input::	Asking the user to specify a character.
* Peeking and Discarding::	How to reread or throw away input events.

Keymaps

* Keymap Terminology::        	Definitions of terms pertaining to keymaps.
* Format of Keymaps::		What a keymap looks like as a Lisp object.
* Creating Keymaps:: 		Functions to create and copy keymaps.
* Inheritance and Keymaps::	How one keymap can inherit the bindings
				  of another keymap.
* Key Sequences::               How to specify key sequences.
* Prefix Keys::                 Defining a key with a keymap as its definition.
* Active Keymaps::	        Each buffer has a local keymap
                                  to override the standard (global) bindings.
				Each minor mode can also override them.
* Key Lookup::                  How extracting elements from keymaps works.
* Functions for Key Lookup::    How to request key lookup.
* Changing Key Bindings::       Redefining a key in a keymap.
* Key Binding Commands::        Interactive interfaces for redefining keys.
* Scanning Keymaps::            Looking through all keymaps, for printing help.
* Other Keymap Functions::      Miscellaneous keymap functions.

Menus

* Menu Format::		Format of a menu description.
* Menubar Format::	How to specify a menubar.
* Menubar::		Functions for controlling the menubar.
* Modifying Menus::	Modifying a menu description.
* Menu Filters::	Filter functions for the default menubar.
* Pop-Up Menus::	Functions for specifying pop-up menus.
* Buffers Menu::	The menu that displays the list of buffers.

Dialog Boxes

* Dialog Box Format::
* Dialog Box Functions::

Toolbar

* Toolbar Intro::		An introduction.
* Toolbar Descriptor Format::	How to create a toolbar.
* Specifying the Toolbar::	Setting a toolbar.
* Other Toolbar Variables::	Controlling the size of toolbars.

Gutter

Scrollbars

Major and Minor Modes

* Major Modes::             Defining major modes.
* Minor Modes::             Defining minor modes.
* Modeline Format::         Customizing the text that appears in the modeline.
* Hooks::                   How to use hooks; how to write code that
                              provides hooks.

Major Modes

* Major Mode Conventions::  Coding conventions for keymaps, etc.
* Example Major Modes::     Text mode and Lisp modes.
* Auto Major Mode::         How XEmacs chooses the major mode automatically.
* Mode Help::               Finding out how to use a mode.

Minor Modes

* Minor Mode Conventions::  Tips for writing a minor mode.
* Keymaps and Minor Modes:: How a minor mode can have its own keymap.

Modeline Format

* Modeline Data::           The data structure that controls the modeline.
* Modeline Variables::      Variables used in that data structure.
* %-Constructs::            Putting information into a modeline.

Documentation

* Documentation Basics::    Good style for doc strings.
                              Where to put them.  How XEmacs stores them.
* Accessing Documentation:: How Lisp programs can access doc strings.
* Keys in Documentation::   Substituting current key bindings.
* Describing Characters::   Making printable descriptions of
                              non-printing characters and key sequences.
* Help Functions::          Subroutines used by XEmacs help facilities.

Files

* Visiting Files::          Reading files into Emacs buffers for editing.
* Saving Buffers::          Writing changed buffers back into files.
* Reading from Files::      Reading files into other buffers.
* Writing to Files::        Writing new files from parts of buffers.
* File Locks::              Locking and unlocking files, to prevent
                                simultaneous editing by two people.
* Information about Files::   Testing existence, accessibility, size of files.
* Contents of Directories::   Getting a list of the files in a directory.
* Changing File Attributes::  Renaming files, changing protection, etc.
* File Names::                Decomposing and expanding file names.

Visiting Files

* Visiting Functions::      The usual interface functions for visiting.
* Subroutines of Visiting:: Lower-level subroutines that they use.

Information about Files

* Testing Accessibility::   Is a given file readable?  Writable?
* Kinds of Files::          Is it a directory?  A link?
* File Attributes::         How large is it?  Any other names?  Etc.

File Names

* File Name Components::    The directory part of a file name, and the rest.
* Directory Names::         A directory’s name as a directory
                              is different from its name as a file.
* Relative File Names::     Some file names are relative to a
                              current directory.
* File Name Expansion::     Converting relative file names to absolute ones.
* Unique File Names::       Generating names for temporary files.
* File Name Completion::    Finding the completions for a given file name.

Backups and Auto-Saving

* Backup Files::            How backup files are made; how their names
                              are chosen.
* Auto-Saving::             How auto-save files are made; how their
                              names are chosen.
* Reverting::               revert-buffer, and how to customize
                              what it does.

Backup Files

* Making Backups::          How XEmacs makes backup files, and when.
* Rename or Copy::          Two alternatives: renaming the old file
                              or copying it.
* Numbered Backups::        Keeping multiple backups for each source file.
* Backup Names::            How backup file names are computed; customization.

Buffers

* Buffer Basics::           What is a buffer?
* Buffer Names::            Accessing and changing buffer names.
* Buffer File Name::        The buffer file name indicates which file
                              is visited.
* Buffer Modification::     A buffer is modified if it needs to be saved.
* Modification Time::       Determining whether the visited file was changed
                              “behind XEmacs’s back”.
* Read Only Buffers::       Modifying text is not allowed in a
                              read-only buffer.
* The Buffer List::         How to look at all the existing buffers.
* Creating Buffers::        Functions that create buffers.
* Killing Buffers::         Buffers exist until explicitly killed.
* Current Buffer::          Designating a buffer as current
                              so primitives will access its contents.

Windows

* Basic Windows::           Basic information on using windows.
* Splitting Windows::       Splitting one window into two windows.
* Deleting Windows::        Deleting a window gives its space to other windows.
* Selecting Windows::       The selected window is the one that you edit in.
* Cyclic Window Ordering::  Moving around the existing windows.
* Buffers and Windows::     Each window displays the contents of a buffer.
* Displaying Buffers::      Higher-lever functions for displaying a buffer
                              and choosing a window for it.
* Window Point::            Each window has its own location of point.
* Window Start::            The display-start position controls which text
                              is on-screen in the window.
* Vertical Scrolling::      Moving text up and down in the window.
* Horizontal Scrolling::    Moving text sideways on the window.
* Size of Window::          Accessing the size of a window.
* Resizing Windows::        Changing the size of a window.
* Window Configurations::   Saving and restoring the state of the screen.

Frames

* Creating Frames::	    Creating additional frames.
* Frame Properties::	    Controlling frame size, position, font, etc.
* Frame Titles::            Automatic updating of frame titles.
* Deleting Frames::	    Frames last until explicitly deleted.
* Finding All Frames::	    How to examine all existing frames.
* Frames and Windows::	    A frame contains windows;
			      display of text always works through windows.
* Minibuffers and Frames::  How a frame finds the minibuffer to use.
* Input Focus::		    Specifying the selected frame.
* Visibility of Frames::    Frames may be visible or invisible, or icons.
* Raising and Lowering::    Raising a frame makes it hide other X windows;
			      lowering it makes the others hide them.
* Frame Hooks::             Hooks for customizing frame behavior.

Positions

* Point::                   The special position where editing takes place.
* Motion::                  Changing point.
* Excursions::              Temporary motion and buffer changes.
* Narrowing::               Restricting editing to a portion of the buffer.

Motion

* Character Motion::        Moving in terms of characters.
* Word Motion::             Moving in terms of words.
* Buffer End Motion::       Moving to the beginning or end of the buffer.
* Text Lines::              Moving in terms of lines of text.
* Screen Lines::            Moving in terms of lines as displayed.
* List Motion::             Moving by parsing lists and sexps.
* Skipping Characters::     Skipping characters belonging to a certain set.

Markers

* Overview of Markers::     The components of a marker, and how it relocates.
* Predicates on Markers::   Testing whether an object is a marker.
* Creating Markers::        Making empty markers or markers at certain places.
* Information from Markers::  Finding the marker’s buffer or character
                                position.
* Changing Markers::        Moving the marker to a new buffer or position.
* The Mark::                How “the mark” is implemented with a marker.
* The Region::              How to access “the region”.

Text

* Near Point::       Examining text in the vicinity of point.
* Buffer Contents::  Examining text in a general fashion.
* Comparing Text::   Comparing substrings of buffers.
* Insertion::        Adding new text to a buffer.
* Commands for Insertion::  User-level commands to insert text.
* Deletion::         Removing text from a buffer.
* User-Level Deletion::     User-level commands to delete text.
* The Kill Ring::    Where removed text sometimes is saved for later use.
* Undo::             Undoing changes to the text of a buffer.
* Maintaining Undo:: How to enable and disable undo information.
			How to control how much information is kept.
* Filling::          Functions for explicit filling.
* Margins::          How to specify margins for filling commands.
* Auto Filling::     How auto-fill mode is implemented to break lines.
* Sorting::          Functions for sorting parts of the buffer.
* Columns::          Computing horizontal positions, and using them.
* Indentation::      Functions to insert or adjust indentation.
* Case Changes::     Case conversion of parts of the buffer.
* Text Properties::  Assigning Lisp property lists to text characters.
* Substitution::     Replacing a given character wherever it appears.
* Registers::        How registers are implemented.  Accessing the text or
                       position stored in a register.
* Transposition::    Swapping two portions of a buffer.
* Change Hooks::     Supplying functions to be run when text is changed.

The Kill Ring

* Kill Ring Concepts::      What text looks like in the kill ring.
* Kill Functions::          Functions that kill text.
* Yank Commands::           Commands that access the kill ring.
* Low-Level Kill Ring::	    Functions and variables for kill ring access.
* Internals of Kill Ring::  Variables that hold kill-ring data.

Indentation

* Primitive Indent::        Functions used to count and insert indentation.
* Mode-Specific Indent::    Customize indentation for different modes.
* Region Indent::           Indent all the lines in a region.
* Relative Indent::         Indent the current line based on previous lines.
* Indent Tabs::             Adjustable, typewriter-like tab stops.
* Motion by Indent::        Move to first non-blank character.

Searching and Matching

* String Search::           Search for an exact match.
* Regular Expressions::     Describing classes of strings.
* Regexp Search::           Searching for a match for a regexp.
* Match Data::              Finding out which part of the text matched
                              various parts of a regexp, after regexp search.
* Saving Match Data::       Saving and restoring this information.
* Standard Regexps::        Useful regexps for finding sentences, pages,...
* Searching and Case::      Case-independent or case-significant searching.

Regular Expressions

* Syntax of Regexps::       Rules for writing regular expressions.
* Regexp Example::          Illustrates regular expression syntax.

Syntax Tables

* Syntax Descriptors::      How characters are classified.
* Syntax Table Functions::  How to create, examine and alter syntax tables.
* Parsing Expressions::     Parsing balanced expressions
                              using the syntax table.
* Standard Syntax Tables::  Syntax tables used by various major modes.
* Syntax Table Internals::  How syntax table information is stored.

Syntax Descriptors

* Syntax Class Table::      Table of syntax classes.
* Syntax Flags::            Additional flags each character can have.

Abbrevs And Abbrev Expansion

* Abbrev Mode::             Setting up XEmacs for abbreviation.
* Tables: Abbrev Tables.    Creating and working with abbrev tables.
* Defining Abbrevs::        Specifying abbreviations and their expansions.
* Files: Abbrev Files.      Saving abbrevs in files.
* Expansion: Abbrev Expansion.  Controlling expansion; expansion subroutines.
* Standard Abbrev Tables::  Abbrev tables used by various major modes.

Extents

* Intro to Extents::	   Extents are regions over a buffer or string.
* Creating and Modifying Extents::
			   Basic extent functions.
* Extent Endpoints::	   Accessing and setting the bounds of an extent.
* Finding Extents::	   Determining which extents are in an object.
* Mapping Over Extents::   More sophisticated functions for extent scanning.
* Extent Properties::	   Extents have built-in and user-definable properties.
* Detached Extents::	   Extents that are not in a buffer.
* Extent Parents::         Inheriting properties from another extent.
* Duplicable Extents::	   Extents can be marked to be copied into strings.
* Extents and Events::	   Extents can interact with the keyboard and mouse.
* Atomic Extents::	   Treating a block of text as a single entity.

Specifiers

* Introduction to Specifiers::	Specifiers provide a clean way for
				display and other properties to vary
				(under user control) in a wide variety
				of contexts.
* Specifiers In-Depth::		Gory details about specifier innards.
* Specifier Instantiation::	Instantiation means obtaining the “value” of
				a specifier in a particular context.
* Specifier Types::		Specifiers come in different flavors.
* Adding Specifications::	Specifications control a specifier’s “value”
				by giving conditions under which a
				particular value is valid.
* Retrieving Specifications::	Querying a specifier’s specifications.
* Specifier Instantiation Functions::
				Functions to instantiate a specifier.
* Specifier Examples::		Making all this stuff clearer.
* Creating Specifiers::		Creating specifiers for your own use.
* Specifier Validation Functions::
				Validating the components of a specifier.
* Other Specification Functions::
				Other ways of working with specifications.

Faces and Window-System Objects

* Faces::		Controlling the way text looks.
* Fonts::		Controlling the typeface of text.
* Colors::		Controlling the color of text and pixmaps.

Faces

* Merging Faces::		How XEmacs decides which face to use
				  for a character.
* Basic Face Functions::	How to define and examine faces.
* Face Properties::		How to access and modify a face’s properties.
* Face Convenience Functions::	Convenience functions for accessing
				  particular properties of a face.
* Other Face Display Functions:: Other functions pertaining to how a
				  a face appears.

Fonts

* Font Specifiers::		Specifying how a font will appear.
* Font Instances::		What a font specifier gets instantiated as.
* Font Instance Names::		The name of a font instance.
* Font Instance Size::		The size of a font instance.
* Font Instance Characteristics:: Display characteristics of font instances.
* Font Convenience Functions::	Convenience functions that automatically
				  instantiate and retrieve the properties
				  of a font specifier.

Colors

* Color Specifiers::		Specifying how a color will appear.
* Color Instances::		What a color specifier gets instantiated as.
* Color Instance Properties::	Properties of color instances.
* Color Convenience Functions::	Convenience functions that automatically
				  instantiate and retrieve the properties
				  of a color specifier.

Glyphs

* Glyph Intro::		Glyphs are abstract image specifications.
* Images::		Specifying the appearance of glyphs.
* Using Glyphs::	Creating and displaying glyphs.
* Manipulating Glyphs::	Getting and setting glyph properties.
* Glyph Examples::	Examples of how to work with glyphs.

Images

* Image Instantiators::			Specifying an image’s appearance.
* Image Instantiator Conversion::	Lazy realization of graphics.
* Image Instantiator Formats::		A catalog of image descriptors.
* Image Instances::			Classes of graphical objects.

Image Instances

* Image Instance Types::         Each image instance has a particular type.
* Image Instance Functions::	 Functions for working with image instances.

Using Glyphs

* Creating Glyphs::	Creating new glyphs.
* Buffer Glyphs::	Annotations are glyphs that appear in a buffer.
* Redisplay Glyphs::	Glyphs controlling various redisplay functions.
* Frame Glyphs::	Displaying glyphs in GUI components of the frame.
* External Glyphs::	Icons and mouse pointers for the window system.
* Native GUI Widgets::	Complex active elements treated as a single glyph.

Native GUI Widgets

* Introduction to Widgets::     Native widgets provide tight integration of
                                GUI features with the platform GUI.
* Lisp API to Native Widgets::  Native widgets are glyphs.
* Layouts::                     Specifying composite widgets from Lisp.
* Primitive Widgets::           Catalogue of available native widgets.

Manipulating Glyphs

* Glyph Properties::	Accessing and modifying a glyph’s properties.
* Glyph Convenience Functions::  Accessing particular properties of a glyph.
* Glyph Dimensions::	Determining the height, width, etc. of a glyph.
* Glyph Types::		Each glyph has a particular type.

Annotations

* Annotation Basics::		Introduction to annotations.
* Annotation Primitives::	Creating and deleting annotations.
* Annotation Properties::	Retrieving and changing the characteristics
				  of an annotation.
* Margin Primitives::		Controlling the size of the margins.
* Locating Annotations::	Looking for annotations in a buffer.
* Annotation Hooks::		Hooks called at certain times during an
				  annotation’s lifetime.

Hash Tables

* Introduction to Hash Tables::	Hash tables are fast data structures for
                                implementing simple tables (i.e. finite
                                mappings from keys to values).
* Working With Hash Tables::    Hash table functions.
* Weak Hash Tables::            Hash tables with special garbage-collection
                                behavior.

Range Tables

* Introduction to Range Tables:: Range tables efficiently map ranges of
                                 integers to values.
* Working With Range Tables::    Range table functions.


XEmacs Display

* Refresh Screen::      Clearing the screen and redrawing everything on it.
* Truncation::          Folding or wrapping long text lines.
* The Echo Area::       Where messages are displayed.
* Selective Display::   Hiding part of the buffer text.
* Overlay Arrow::       Display of an arrow to indicate position.
* Temporary Displays::  Displays that go away automatically.
* Blinking::            How XEmacs shows the matching open parenthesis.
* Usual Display::	The usual conventions for displaying nonprinting chars.
* Display Tables::	How to specify other conventions.
* Beeping::             Audible signal to the user.

Processes

* Subprocess Creation::     Functions that start subprocesses.
* Synchronous Processes::   Details of using synchronous subprocesses.
* Asynchronous Processes::  Starting up an asynchronous subprocess.
* Deleting Processes::      Eliminating an asynchronous subprocess.
* Process Information::     Accessing run-status and other attributes.
* Input to Processes::      Sending input to an asynchronous subprocess.
* Signals to Processes::    Stopping, continuing or interrupting
                              an asynchronous subprocess.
* Output from Processes::   Collecting output from an asynchronous subprocess.
* Sentinels::               Sentinels run when process run-status changes.
* Network::                 Opening network connections.

Receiving Output from Processes

* Process Buffers::         If no filter, output is put in a buffer.
* Filter Functions::        Filter functions accept output from the process.
* Accepting Output::        How to wait until process output arrives.

Operating System Interface

* Starting Up::             Customizing XEmacs start-up processing.
* Getting Out::             How exiting works (permanent or temporary).
* System Environment::      Distinguish the name and kind of system.
* Terminal Input::          Recording terminal input for debugging.
* Terminal Output::         Recording terminal output for debugging.
* Flow Control::            How to turn output flow control on or off.
* Batch Mode::              Running XEmacs without terminal interaction.

Starting Up XEmacs

* Start-up Summary::        Sequence of actions XEmacs performs at start-up.
* Init File::               Details on reading the init file (‘.emacs’).
* Terminal-Specific::       How the terminal-specific Lisp file is read.
* Command Line Arguments::  How command line arguments are processed,
                              and how you can customize them.

Getting out of XEmacs

* Killing XEmacs::           Exiting XEmacs irreversibly.
* Suspending XEmacs::        Exiting XEmacs reversibly.

X-Windows

* X Selections::		Transferring text to and from other X clients.
* X Server::			Information about the X server connected to
				  a particular device.
* Resources::			Getting resource values from the server.
* Server Data::			Getting info about the X server.
* Grabs::			Restricting access to the server by other apps.
* X Miscellaneous::             Other X-specific functions and variables.

ToolTalk Support

* XEmacs ToolTalk API Summary::
* Sending Messages::
* Receiving Messages::

LDAP Support

* Building XEmacs with LDAP support::  How to add LDAP support to XEmacs
* XEmacs LDAP API::             Lisp access to LDAP functions
* Syntax of Search Filters::    A brief summary of RFC 1558

XEmacs LDAP API

* LDAP Variables::              Lisp variables related to LDAP
* The High-Level LDAP API::     High-level LDAP lisp functions
* The Low-Level LDAP API::      Low-level LDAP lisp primitives
* LDAP Internationalization::   I18n variables and functions

The Low-Level LDAP API

* The LDAP Lisp Object::
* Opening and Closing a LDAP Connection::
* Low-level Operations on a LDAP Server::

LDAP Internationalization

* LDAP Internationalization Variables::
* Encoder/Decoder Functions::

Internationalization

* I18N Levels 1 and 2:: Support for different time, date, and currency formats.
* I18N Level 3::        Support for localized messages.
* I18N Level 4::        Support for Asian languages.

MULE

* Internationalization Terminology::
                        Definition of various internationalization terms.
* Charsets::            Sets of related characters.
* MULE Characters::     Working with characters in XEmacs/MULE.
* Composite Characters:: Making new characters by overstriking other ones.
* ISO 2022::            An international standard for charsets and encodings.
* Coding Systems::      Ways of representing a string of chars using integers.
* CCL::                 A special language for writing fast converters.
* Category Tables::     Subdividing charsets into groups.

Tips

* Style Tips::                Writing clean and robust programs.
* Compilation Tips::          Making compiled code run fast.
* Documentation Tips::        Writing readable documentation strings.
* Comment Tips::	      Conventions for writing comments.
* Library Headers::           Standard headers for library packages.

Building XEmacs and Object Allocation

* Building XEmacs::         How to preload Lisp libraries into XEmacs.
* Garbage Collection::      Reclaiming space for Lisp objects no longer used.

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